{
  "reviewed_at": "2026-11-01",
  "review_scope": "Primary-source check, not a systematic review or medical review. Formulation, molecule and route must match before extrapolation.",
  "records": [
    {
      "id": "klow-composition",
      "compound": "KLOW",
      "title": "KLOW 80mg product composition",
      "type": "documentation",
      "design": "Supplier product documentation, not clinical research",
      "model": "Marketed four-component blend",
      "summary": "The inspected product lists GHK-Cu/BPC157/TB500/KPV at 50/10/10/10 mg.",
      "limitations": "No formula-specific clinical evidence verified. Supplier text conflicts on TB500 molecular identity; component findings cannot demonstrate blend synergy, safety or efficacy.",
      "source_url": "https://heritagelabsusa.com/products/klow-80mg/",
      "source_label": "Supplier composition only",
      "guide_url": "/guides/klow.html"
    },
    {
      "id": "slu-2023",
      "compound": "SLU-PP-332",
      "title": "Synthetic ERRα/β/γ Agonist Induces an ERRα-Dependent Acute Aerobic Exercise Response and Enhances Exercise Capacity",
      "year": 2023,
      "type": "animal",
      "design": "Mechanistic cell and mouse experiments",
      "model": "Cultured cells and mice",
      "route": "Cell exposure; intraperitoneal administration in mice",
      "summary": "Reported ERR-dependent responses and improved exercise capacity in studied mice. SLU-PP-332 is a small molecule, not a peptide.",
      "limitations": "Sample sizes vary across experiments. Not human exercise-replacement, oral-product or long-term safety evidence.",
      "source_url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36988910/",
      "source_label": "Original research — ACS Chemical Biology",
      "identifiers": {
        "pmid": "36988910",
        "doi": "10.1021/acschembio.2c00720"
      },
      "guide_url": "/guides/slu-pp-332.html"
    },
    {
      "id": "carnitine-2011",
      "compound": "L-carnitine",
      "title": "Chronic oral ingestion of L-carnitine and carbohydrate increases muscle carnitine content and alters muscle fuel metabolism during exercise in humans",
      "year": 2011,
      "type": "human",
      "design": "Randomized double-blind carbohydrate-controlled 24-week study",
      "model": "Healthy men",
      "n": 14,
      "route": "Oral L-carnitine-L-tartrate with carbohydrate",
      "summary": "Reported increased muscle carnitine and altered exercise metabolism after the studied combined intervention.",
      "limitations": "Seven participants per group. Does not establish injectable-vial efficacy or general weight-loss benefit.",
      "source_url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21224234/",
      "source_label": "Original research — Journal of Physiology",
      "identifiers": {
        "pmid": "21224234",
        "doi": "10.1113/jphysiol.2010.201343"
      },
      "guide_url": "/guides/l-carnitine.html"
    },
    {
      "id": "snap8-2024",
      "compound": "SNAP-8",
      "title": "Clinical Safety and Efficacy Evaluation of a Dissolving Microneedle Patch Having Dual Anti-Wrinkle Effects With Safe and Long-Term Activities",
      "year": 2024,
      "type": "human",
      "design": "28-day split-face combination-patch comparison",
      "model": "Adults with eye wrinkles",
      "n": {
        "enrolled": 24,
        "completed": 21
      },
      "route": "Cutaneous dissolving microneedle patch",
      "summary": "A multi-ingredient patch containing acetyl octapeptide-3 improved measured wrinkle roughness relative to the comparator.",
      "limitations": "Does not isolate SNAP-8. Small short study; no inference to ordinary cream, systemic injection or research vials. Several authors had manufacturer affiliations.",
      "source_url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11291098/",
      "source_label": "Original research — Annals of Dermatology",
      "identifiers": {
        "pmid": "39082657",
        "doi": "10.5021/ad.23.136"
      },
      "guide_url": "/guides/snap-8.html"
    },
    {
      "id": "bpc-2021",
      "compound": "BPC157",
      "title": "Intra-Articular Injection of BPC 157 for Multiple Types of Knee Pain",
      "year": 2021,
      "type": "human",
      "design": "Uncontrolled retrospective review with telephone outcomes",
      "model": "Patients with heterogeneous knee pain",
      "n": {
        "respondents": 16,
        "bpc_only": 12,
        "combination": 4
      },
      "route": "Intra-articular knee injection",
      "summary": "Respondents reported improvement following BPC157 alone or BPC157 plus thymosin beta-4.",
      "limitations": "Selection and recall bias, tiny combination group and no control. Cannot establish tissue healing, causality, safety or equivalence of TB4 to marketed TB500.",
      "source_url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34324435/",
      "source_label": "Original observational report",
      "identifiers": {
        "pmid": "34324435"
      },
      "guide_url": "/guides/bpc-157.html"
    },
    {
      "id": "tb500-identity-2012",
      "compound": "TB500",
      "title": "Synthesis and characterization of the N-terminal acetylated 17-23 fragment of thymosin beta 4 identified in TB-500, a product suspected to possess doping potential",
      "year": 2012,
      "type": "documentation",
      "design": "Analytical identification and detection-method study",
      "model": "Analyzed product and synthesized reference",
      "summary": "Identified acetylated LKKTETQ in the analyzed product.",
      "limitations": "An identity study, not clinical efficacy. A commercial name cannot establish sequence, terminal modifications or equivalence to full-length thymosin beta-4.",
      "source_url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22962027/",
      "source_label": "Original analytical research — Drug Testing and Analysis",
      "identifiers": {
        "pmid": "22962027",
        "doi": "10.1002/dta.1402"
      },
      "guide_url": "/guides/tb-500.html"
    },
    {
      "id": "ghkcu-1988",
      "compound": "GHK-Cu",
      "title": "Stimulation of collagen synthesis in fibroblast cultures by the tripeptide-copper complex glycyl-L-histidyl-L-lysine-Cu2+",
      "year": 1988,
      "type": "cell",
      "design": "Cell-culture collagen-synthesis experiment",
      "model": "Fibroblast cultures",
      "route": "Cell-culture exposure",
      "summary": "Reported stimulation of collagen synthesis in cultured fibroblasts.",
      "limitations": "Not clinical rejuvenation, systemic treatment or commercial-blend evidence.",
      "source_url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3169264/",
      "source_label": "Original research — FEBS Letters",
      "identifiers": {
        "pmid": "3169264",
        "doi": "10.1016/0014-5793(88)80509-x"
      },
      "guide_url": "/guides/ghk-cu.html"
    },
    {
      "id": "kpv-2008",
      "compound": "KPV",
      "title": "PepT1-mediated tripeptide KPV uptake reduces intestinal inflammation",
      "year": 2008,
      "type": "animal",
      "design": "Mechanistic cell and mouse colitis experiments",
      "model": "Intestinal/immune cell lines and mice",
      "route": "Cell exposure and oral administration in mice",
      "summary": "Reported PepT1 uptake and reductions in inflammatory signaling and experimental colitis endpoints.",
      "limitations": "Human-derived cell lines are not human clinical participants. No human efficacy or injectable-blend inference.",
      "source_url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18061177/",
      "source_label": "Original research — Gastroenterology",
      "identifiers": {
        "pmid": "18061177",
        "doi": "10.1053/j.gastro.2007.10.026"
      },
      "guide_url": "/guides/klow.html"
    },
    {
      "id": "tesamorelin-2007",
      "compound": "Tesamorelin",
      "title": "Metabolic effects of a growth hormone-releasing factor in patients with HIV",
      "year": 2007,
      "type": "human",
      "design": "Randomized placebo-controlled 26-week study",
      "model": "Adults with HIV and abdominal fat accumulation",
      "n": 412,
      "route": "Subcutaneous study product",
      "summary": "Studied visceral adipose tissue and metabolic outcomes in a specific HIV-associated population.",
      "limitations": "Not general weight-loss evidence or validation of research-vendor formulations.",
      "source_url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18057338/",
      "source_label": "Original research — New England Journal of Medicine",
      "identifiers": {
        "pmid": "18057338",
        "doi": "10.1056/NEJMoa072375",
        "nct": "NCT00123253"
      },
      "guide_url": "/guides/tesamorelin.html"
    },
    {
      "id": "tesamorelin-label-2025",
      "compound": "Tesamorelin",
      "title": "EGRIFTA WR prescribing information",
      "year": 2025,
      "type": "documentation",
      "design": "FDA approved-product labeling inspected at source check",
      "summary": "Defines an approved prescription-product context for excess abdominal fat in HIV-infected adults with lipodystrophy; not indicated for weight-loss management.",
      "limitations": "Specific finished-product labeling is not approval of supplier research vials. Label versions and indications require ongoing checks.",
      "source_url": "https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2025/022505s020lbl.pdf",
      "source_label": "FDA regulatory document",
      "guide_url": "/guides/tesamorelin.html"
    },
    {
      "id": "semaglutide-step1",
      "compound": "Semaglutide",
      "title": "Once-Weekly Semaglutide in Adults with Overweight or Obesity",
      "year": 2021,
      "type": "human",
      "design": "Randomized double-blind placebo-controlled 68-week study",
      "model": "Adults with overweight or obesity without diabetes",
      "n": 1961,
      "route": "Subcutaneous study product with lifestyle intervention",
      "summary": "Evaluated weight outcomes using a specified study product and population, with lifestyle intervention in both groups.",
      "limitations": "Does not establish equivalence of unapproved research vials or every GLP-1-related compound.",
      "source_url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33567185/",
      "source_label": "Original research — New England Journal of Medicine",
      "identifiers": {
        "pmid": "33567185",
        "doi": "10.1056/NEJMoa2032183",
        "nct": "NCT03548935"
      },
      "guide_url": "/guides/semaglutide.html"
    },
    {
      "id": "semaglutide-label-2026",
      "compound": "Semaglutide",
      "title": "WEGOVY prescribing information",
      "year": 2026,
      "type": "documentation",
      "design": "FDA approved-product labeling inspected at source check",
      "summary": "Documents approved prescription-product context, contraindications and warnings for the named finished product.",
      "limitations": "Approval is product-specific, not blanket approval of research materials. This source check does not replace current labeling or medical advice.",
      "source_url": "https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2026/215256s025lbl.pdf",
      "source_label": "FDA regulatory document",
      "guide_url": "/guides/semaglutide.html"
    },
    {
      "id": "pmid-8004884",
      "compound": "L Carnitine",
      "guide_url": "/guides/l-carnitine.html",
      "title": "Effect of intravenous L-carnitine on carnitine homeostasis and fuel metabolism during exercise in humans",
      "year": 1994,
      "type": "human",
      "design": "randomized blinded crossover against placebo",
      "model": "normal human volunteers during bicycle exercise",
      "route": "intravenous",
      "n": null,
      "summary": "Acute infusion increased plasma carnitine but did not change measured muscle carnitine or exercise fuel-metabolism endpoints.",
      "limitations": "Participant count unavailable in inspected abstract; acute exercise experiment, not chronic weight-loss trial.",
      "source_url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8004884/",
      "source_label": "Original research",
      "identifiers": {
        "pmid": "8004884",
        "doi": "10.1038/clpt.1994.85"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "pmid-10861338",
      "compound": "L Carnitine",
      "guide_url": "/guides/l-carnitine.html",
      "title": "L-Carnitine supplementation combined with aerobic training does not promote weight loss in moderately obese women",
      "year": 2000,
      "type": "human",
      "design": "double-blind randomized placebo-controlled, eight weeks with walking in both groups",
      "model": "moderately obese women",
      "route": "oral",
      "n": {
        "randomized": 36,
        "completed": 28
      },
      "summary": "No significant between-group body-mass or fat-mass benefit. Five supplemented participants withdrew with nausea or diarrhea.",
      "limitations": "Small study with attrition; specific population and exercise intervention; not an injectable trial.",
      "source_url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10861338/",
      "source_label": "Original research",
      "identifiers": {
        "pmid": "10861338",
        "doi": "10.1123/ijsnem.10.2.199"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "pmid-31569515",
      "compound": "Acetic Acid Water",
      "guide_url": "/guides/acetic-acid-water.html",
      "title": "Formulation Composition and Process Affect Counterion for CSP7 Peptide",
      "year": 2019,
      "type": "cell",
      "design": "NMR, chromatography and physical-stability testing across lyophilization and formulation conditions",
      "model": "in-vitro peptide formulations",
      "route": "not applicable; laboratory formulation study",
      "n": null,
      "summary": "Counterion loss and formulation-dependent pH shifts affected CSP7 aggregation and stability.",
      "limitations": "Compound-specific bench evidence; no human cohort. Does not validate retail acetic-acid water, another peptide, injection safety or a universal storage period.",
      "source_url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31569515/",
      "source_label": "Original research",
      "identifiers": {
        "pmid": "31569515",
        "doi": "10.3390/pharmaceutics11100498"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "pmid-37739806",
      "compound": "SLU-PP-332",
      "guide_url": "/guides/slu-pp-332.html",
      "title": "A Synthetic ERR Agonist Alleviates Metabolic Syndrome",
      "year": 2024,
      "type": "animal",
      "design": "preclinical metabolic experiments",
      "model": "mouse metabolic models including diet-induced obesity",
      "route": "intraperitoneal administration in mouse experiments",
      "n": null,
      "summary": "Reported increased energy expenditure and fatty-acid oxidation and reduced fat accumulation in studied models.",
      "limitations": "Results depend on model and endpoint; not every metabolic endpoint improved. No human weight-loss or safety conclusion; sample sizes vary by experiment.",
      "source_url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37739806/",
      "source_label": "Original research",
      "identifiers": {
        "pmid": "37739806",
        "doi": "10.1124/jpet.123.001733"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "cjc1295-adults-2006",
      "compound": "CJC-1295",
      "guide_url": "/guides/cjc-1295.html",
      "title": "Prolonged stimulation of growth hormone (GH) and insulin-like growth factor I secretion by CJC-1295, a long-acting analog of GH-releasing hormone, in healthy adults",
      "year": 2006,
      "type": "human",
      "design": "Two randomized double-blind placebo-controlled ascending-dose studies; 28 and 49 days",
      "model": "Healthy adults aged 21–61",
      "n": null,
      "route": "Subcutaneous long-acting analogue",
      "summary": "Reported sustained increases in GH and IGF-I after CJC-1295 administration.",
      "limitations": "Hormonal and pharmacokinetic endpoints, not long-term clinical benefit or a blend trial. Albumin-binding study drug must not be equated with an unspecified no-DAC / modified-GRF product; total n not established from the inspected abstract.",
      "source_url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16352683/",
      "source_label": "Original randomized pharmacology research",
      "identifiers": {
        "pmid": "16352683",
        "doi": "10.1210/jc.2005-1536"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "cjc1295-pulsatility-2006",
      "compound": "CJC-1295",
      "guide_url": "/guides/cjc-1295.html",
      "title": "Pulsatile secretion of growth hormone (GH) persists during continuous stimulation by CJC-1295, a long-acting GH-releasing hormone analog",
      "year": 2006,
      "type": "human",
      "design": "Overnight endocrine sampling before and one week after administration",
      "model": "Healthy men aged 20–40",
      "n": null,
      "route": "Injected albumin-binding CJC-1295",
      "summary": "Pulsatility persisted while trough and mean GH and IGF-I increased.",
      "limitations": "Small physiology study; abstract does not establish a total n. Preserved pulsatility is not proof of clinical efficacy, long-term safety, a no-DAC exposure profile or benefit from adding ipamorelin.",
      "source_url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17018654/",
      "source_label": "Original human pulsatility research",
      "identifiers": {
        "pmid": "17018654",
        "doi": "10.1210/jc.2006-1702"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "ipamorelin-human-pk-1999",
      "compound": "Ipamorelin",
      "guide_url": "/guides/ipamorelin.html",
      "title": "Pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic modeling of ipamorelin, a growth hormone releasing peptide, in human volunteers",
      "year": 1999,
      "type": "human",
      "design": "Dose-escalation PK/PD experiment; eight subjects at each dose level",
      "model": "Healthy male volunteers",
      "n": null,
      "route": "Intravenous infusion",
      "summary": "Modeled ipamorelin disposition and a transient GH response.",
      "limitations": "The abstract reports subjects per dose level, not a verified distinct-participant total. Not a trial of a subcutaneous research vial, combination, anti-aging or body-composition intervention.",
      "source_url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10496658/",
      "source_label": "Original human PK/PD study",
      "identifiers": {
        "pmid": "10496658",
        "doi": "10.1023/a:1018955126402"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "ipamorelin-postoperative-2014",
      "compound": "Ipamorelin",
      "guide_url": "/guides/ipamorelin.html",
      "title": "Prospective, randomized, controlled, proof-of-concept study of the Ghrelin mimetic ipamorelin for the management of postoperative ileus in bowel resection patients",
      "year": 2014,
      "type": "human",
      "design": "Multicenter double-blind placebo-controlled phase 2 trial",
      "model": "Adult bowel-resection inpatients",
      "n": {
        "enrolled": 117,
        "safety_and_modified_intent_to_treat": 114
      },
      "route": "Intravenous infusion",
      "summary": "No statistically significant difference in the key solid-meal-tolerance endpoint.",
      "limitations": "Small proof-of-concept study with heterogeneous underlying conditions. A postoperative endpoint is not healthy-person fat-loss or recovery evidence, nor a trial of an ipamorelin blend.",
      "source_url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25331030/",
      "source_label": "Original randomized postoperative trial",
      "identifiers": {
        "pmid": "25331030",
        "doi": "10.1007/s00384-014-2030-8",
        "nct": "NCT00672074"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "sermorelin-child-growth-1996",
      "compound": "Sermorelin",
      "guide_url": "/guides/sermorelin.html",
      "title": "Once daily subcutaneous growth hormone-releasing hormone therapy accelerates growth in growth hormone-deficient children during the first year of therapy. Geref International Study Group",
      "year": 1996,
      "type": "human",
      "design": "Multicenter open-label one-year study",
      "model": "Previously untreated prepubertal children with GH deficiency",
      "n": {
        "treated": 110,
        "eligible_for_efficacy_analysis": 86
      },
      "route": "Subcutaneous GHRH-(1-29)",
      "summary": "Mean height velocity increased over follow-up in the studied children.",
      "limitations": "Open-label design and a subset eligible for efficacy analysis; not a controlled demonstration of adult anti-aging, fat-loss or functional benefit.",
      "source_url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8772599/",
      "source_label": "Original pediatric clinical study",
      "identifiers": {
        "pmid": "8772599",
        "doi": "10.1210/jcem.81.3.8772599"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "sermorelin-geref-fda-2013",
      "compound": "Sermorelin",
      "guide_url": "/guides/sermorelin.html",
      "title": "FDA determination concerning withdrawal of Geref (sermorelin acetate) injection products",
      "year": 2013,
      "type": "documentation",
      "design": "Federal Register regulatory determination",
      "model": "Named historical Geref products",
      "n": null,
      "summary": "FDA determined the specified discontinued products were not withdrawn for safety or effectiveness reasons.",
      "limitations": "Historical product-specific determination, not proof of present marketing or approval of every compounded formulation, research vial or adult-use claim.",
      "source_url": "https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/FR-2013-03-04/html/2013-04827.htm",
      "source_label": "Official FDA determination",
      "identifiers": {}
    },
    {
      "id": "kisspeptin10-men-2011",
      "compound": "Kisspeptin-10",
      "guide_url": "/guides/kisspeptin-10.html",
      "title": "Kisspeptin-10 is a potent stimulator of LH and increases pulse frequency in men",
      "year": 2011,
      "type": "human",
      "design": "Small bolus dose-response and infusion physiology experiments",
      "model": "Healthy men; individual experiments reported n of six or four",
      "n": null,
      "route": "Intravenous bolus and infusion",
      "summary": "Reported acute LH and infusion-related reproductive-hormone responses.",
      "limitations": "Small experimental groups; unique total n not inferred by summing groups. Not a fertility, live-birth, persistent testosterone-benefit or personal-use safety trial; do not substitute kisspeptin-54 evidence.",
      "source_url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21632807/",
      "source_label": "Original human endocrine study",
      "identifiers": {
        "pmid": "21632807",
        "doi": "10.1210/jc.2011-0089"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "kisspeptin10-sex-phase-2011",
      "compound": "Kisspeptin-10",
      "guide_url": "/guides/kisspeptin-10.html",
      "title": "The effects of kisspeptin-10 on reproductive hormone release show sexual dimorphism in humans",
      "year": 2011,
      "type": "human",
      "design": "Small endocrine experiments comparing sex and menstrual-phase responses",
      "model": "Healthy men and women; four or five participants per experimental group",
      "n": null,
      "route": "Intravenous bolus; additional subcutaneous and infusion experiments in women",
      "summary": "Gonadotropin responses differed by sex and menstrual phase in the tested conditions.",
      "limitations": "Not a clinical fertility-outcome trial. Group sizes are small and a unique combined n is not established here; no universal hormone-response or treatment conclusion.",
      "source_url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21976724/",
      "source_label": "Original human endocrine comparison",
      "identifiers": {
        "pmid": "21976724",
        "doi": "10.1210/jc.2011-1408"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "retatrutide-phase2-2023",
      "compound": "Retatrutide",
      "title": "Triple-Hormone-Receptor Agonist Retatrutide for Obesity — A Phase 2 Trial",
      "year": 2023,
      "type": "human",
      "design": "Randomized double-blind placebo-controlled phase 2; 48 weeks",
      "model": "Adults with obesity or overweight plus weight-related condition",
      "n": 338,
      "route": "Subcutaneous trial formulation",
      "summary": "Highest studied group had mean weight change of −24.2% at week 48 versus −2.1% with placebo.",
      "limitations": "Primary endpoint was week 24. Limited size/duration; gastrointestinal events and heart-rate changes. Not evidence for unrelated research products.",
      "source_url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37366315/",
      "source_label": "Original research — NEJM",
      "identifiers": {
        "pmid": "37366315",
        "doi": "10.1056/NEJMoa2301972"
      },
      "guide_url": "/guides/retatrutide.html"
    },
    {
      "id": "retatrutide-phase3-2026",
      "compound": "Retatrutide",
      "title": "Retatrutide, a Triple Hormone Receptor Agonist, for Treatment of Obesity",
      "year": 2026,
      "type": "human",
      "design": "Randomized double-blind placebo-controlled phase 3; 80 weeks",
      "model": "Adults with obesity without diabetes",
      "n": 2339,
      "route": "Once-weekly subcutaneous trial intervention",
      "summary": "Treatment-regimen (intention-to-treat) mean weight changes included −23.7% and −25.0% in higher-dose groups versus −3.9% with placebo.",
      "limitations": "More than one estimand reported; preserve analysis labels when comparing percentages. Not marketing approval.",
      "source_url": "https://www.nejm.org/doi/10.1056/NEJMoa2604169",
      "source_label": "Original research — NEJM, published September 2026",
      "identifiers": {
        "pmid": "42814954",
        "doi": "10.1056/NEJMoa2604169"
      },
      "guide_url": "/guides/retatrutide.html"
    },
    {
      "id": "tirzepatide-surmount1-2022",
      "compound": "Tirzepatide",
      "title": "Tirzepatide Once Weekly for the Treatment of Obesity",
      "year": 2022,
      "type": "human",
      "design": "Randomized double-blind placebo-controlled phase 3; 72 weeks",
      "model": "Adults with obesity or overweight plus complication; diabetes excluded",
      "n": 2539,
      "route": "Subcutaneous trial intervention",
      "summary": "Mean weight changes across studied tirzepatide groups were −15.0%, −19.5% and −20.9%, versus −3.1% with placebo.",
      "limitations": "Group averages, specific population/regimens; not every patient's response. Gastrointestinal adverse events and discontinuation matter.",
      "source_url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35658024/",
      "source_label": "Original research — NEJM",
      "identifiers": {
        "pmid": "35658024",
        "doi": "10.1056/NEJMoa2206038"
      },
      "guide_url": "/guides/tirzepatide.html"
    },
    {
      "id": "tirzepatide-surmount5-2025",
      "compound": "Tirzepatide",
      "title": "Tirzepatide as Compared with Semaglutide for the Treatment of Obesity",
      "year": 2025,
      "type": "human",
      "design": "Randomized open-label active-controlled phase 3b; 72 weeks",
      "model": "Adults with obesity without type 2 diabetes",
      "n": 751,
      "route": "Subcutaneous maximum-tolerated study regimens",
      "summary": "Mean weight change was −20.2% with tirzepatide versus −13.7% with semaglutide.",
      "limitations": "Open-label, specific treatment regimens/population. Weight endpoint does not establish superiority for cardiovascular outcomes or every individual.",
      "source_url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40353578/",
      "source_label": "Original research — NEJM",
      "identifiers": {
        "pmid": "40353578",
        "doi": "10.1056/NEJMoa2416394"
      },
      "guide_url": "/guides/tirzepatide.html"
    },
    {
      "id": "semaglutide-step1-2021",
      "compound": "Semaglutide",
      "title": "Once-Weekly Semaglutide in Adults with Overweight or Obesity",
      "year": 2021,
      "type": "human",
      "design": "Randomized double-blind placebo-controlled; 68 weeks with lifestyle intervention",
      "model": "Adults with obesity or overweight plus condition, without diabetes",
      "n": 1961,
      "route": "Subcutaneous semaglutide trial formulation",
      "summary": "Treatment-policy mean weight change was −14.9% with semaglutide versus −2.4% with placebo.",
      "limitations": "Defined population and formulation; group mean is not individual prediction or validation of an oral or research-vendor product.",
      "source_url": "https://www.nejm.org/doi/abs/10.1056/NEJMoa2032183",
      "source_label": "Original research — NEJM",
      "identifiers": {
        "pmid": "33567185",
        "doi": "10.1056/NEJMoa2032183"
      },
      "guide_url": "/guides/semaglutide.html"
    },
    {
      "id": "semaglutide-select-2023",
      "compound": "Semaglutide",
      "title": "Semaglutide and Cardiovascular Outcomes in Obesity without Diabetes",
      "year": 2023,
      "type": "human",
      "design": "Randomized placebo-controlled cardiovascular outcomes trial; mean follow-up 39.8 months",
      "model": "People with established cardiovascular disease and overweight/obesity, without diabetes",
      "n": 17604,
      "route": "Subcutaneous semaglutide trial intervention",
      "summary": "Primary composite cardiovascular event occurred in 6.5% versus 8.0% with placebo; hazard ratio 0.80.",
      "limitations": "Established cardiovascular disease population, not universal primary prevention. Relative reduction is not a 20-percentage-point absolute reduction. Adverse-event discontinuation was higher.",
      "source_url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37952131/",
      "source_label": "Original research — NEJM",
      "identifiers": {
        "pmid": "37952131",
        "doi": "10.1056/NEJMoa2307563"
      },
      "guide_url": "/guides/semaglutide.html"
    },
    {
      "id": "cagrilintide-phase2-2021",
      "compound": "Cagrilintide",
      "title": "Once-weekly cagrilintide for weight management in people with overweight and obesity",
      "year": 2021,
      "type": "human",
      "design": "Randomized placebo- and active-controlled dose-finding phase 2; 26 weeks",
      "model": "Adults without diabetes, with obesity or qualifying overweight",
      "n": 706,
      "route": "Subcutaneous trial intervention",
      "summary": "Cagrilintide groups had mean weight reductions of 6.0–10.8% versus 3.0% with placebo under the trial-product estimand.",
      "limitations": "Specific population, limited duration and estimand; active treatments not mutually masked. Gastrointestinal and administration-site events. Not combination-product evidence.",
      "source_url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34798060/",
      "source_label": "Original research — Lancet",
      "identifiers": {
        "pmid": "34798060",
        "doi": "10.1016/S0140-6736(21)01751-7"
      },
      "guide_url": "/guides/cagrilintide.html"
    },
    {
      "id": "cagrilintide-redefine1-2025",
      "compound": "Cagrilintide",
      "title": "Coadministered Cagrilintide and Semaglutide in Adults with Overweight or Obesity",
      "year": 2025,
      "type": "human",
      "design": "Randomized placebo- and active-controlled; 68 weeks; lifestyle intervention in all groups",
      "model": "Adults with overweight/obesity without diabetes",
      "n": 3417,
      "route": "Subcutaneous specified combination and component trial arms",
      "summary": "Combination treatment-policy mean weight change was −20.4% versus −3.0% with placebo.",
      "limitations": "Combination result is not cagrilintide-alone efficacy; gastrointestinal events common. Does not validate independently manufactured blends or establish every long-term outcome.",
      "source_url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40544433/",
      "source_label": "Original research — NEJM",
      "identifiers": {
        "pmid": "40544433",
        "doi": "10.1056/NEJMoa2502081"
      },
      "guide_url": "/guides/cagrilintide.html"
    },
    {
      "id": "aod9604-mice-2001",
      "compound": "AOD-9604",
      "title": "The effects of human GH and its lipolytic fragment (AOD9604) on lipid metabolism following chronic treatment in obese mice and beta(3)-AR knock-out mice",
      "year": 2001,
      "type": "animal",
      "design": "Mechanistic chronic-treatment and knockout mouse experiments",
      "model": "Obese, wild-type and beta-3-adrenergic-receptor knockout mice",
      "n": null,
      "route": "Intraperitoneal administration in chronic mouse experiments",
      "summary": "Reported body-weight/fat and beta-3-receptor-expression changes in studied mice; knockout experiments interrogated the pathway.",
      "limitations": "Animal model and route, not human obesity efficacy. Exact experiment-specific sample sizes not stated in inspected abstract.",
      "source_url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11713213/",
      "source_label": "Original research — Endocrinology",
      "identifiers": {
        "pmid": "11713213",
        "doi": "10.1210/endo.142.12.8522"
      },
      "guide_url": "/guides/aod-9604.html"
    },
    {
      "id": "aod9604-fda-review-2024",
      "compound": "AOD-9604",
      "title": "FDA Pharmacy Compounding Advisory Committee briefing: AOD-9604",
      "year": 2024,
      "type": "documentation",
      "design": "Regulatory evidence assessment of clinical reports and sponsor disclosures; not a newly conducted trial",
      "model": "Human obesity development program and nominated routes",
      "route": "Reviewed oral and intravenous information; other routes lacked relevant clinical support",
      "summary": "OPTIONS study had 536 enrolled and 502 randomized; FDA reports no significant primary weight-loss advantage with oral AOD-9604 over placebo.",
      "limitations": "Underlying reports had methodological/detail limits. Document review must not be presented as a new trial, marketing approval or a comprehensive proof about every hypothetical formulation.",
      "source_url": "https://www.fda.gov/media/183584/download",
      "source_label": "Primary regulatory assessment — FDA, December 2024 PCAC",
      "guide_url": "/guides/aod-9604.html"
    },
    {
      "id": "selank-anxiety-2008",
      "compound": "Selank",
      "guide_url": "/guides/selank.html",
      "title": "Efficacy and possible mechanisms of action of a new peptide anxiolytic selank in the therapy of generalized anxiety disorders and neurasthenia",
      "year": 2008,
      "type": "human",
      "design": "Active-comparator clinical report; indexed as randomized trial, allocation/blinding details absent from inspected abstract",
      "model": "Patients with GAD or neurasthenia",
      "n": 62,
      "route": "Not specified in inspected abstract",
      "summary": "Compared 30 Selank recipients with 32 medazepam recipients; reported similar anxiety effects.",
      "limitations": "Small active comparison, not formal proof of equivalence or long-term safety; Russian-language report, abstract-level method limits.",
      "source_url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18454096/",
      "source_label": "Original clinical report",
      "identifiers": {
        "pmid": "18454096"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "selank-semax-fmri-2020",
      "compound": "Selank",
      "guide_url": "/guides/selank.html",
      "title": "Functional Connectomic Approach to Studying Selank and Semax Effects",
      "year": 2020,
      "type": "human",
      "design": "Acute separate compound/placebo resting-state fMRI experiment",
      "model": "Healthy participants",
      "n": 52,
      "route": "Injection described; specific route not established by inspected abstract",
      "summary": "Reported right-amygdala/temporal connectivity differences after separate Selank or Semax exposure.",
      "limitations": "Imaging, not clinical symptom benefit; no combined-compound arm. Short measurements do not establish chronic outcomes.",
      "source_url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32342318/",
      "source_label": "Original imaging research",
      "identifiers": {
        "pmid": "32342318",
        "doi": "10.1134/S001249662001007X"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "semax-fmri-2018",
      "compound": "Semax",
      "guide_url": "/guides/semax.html",
      "title": "Effects of Semax on the Default Mode Network of the Brain",
      "year": 2018,
      "type": "human",
      "design": "Small acute Semax/placebo imaging comparison",
      "model": "Healthy volunteers",
      "n": 24,
      "route": "Intranasal",
      "summary": "Fourteen active and ten placebo participants; reported a default-mode-network subcomponent difference.",
      "limitations": "Not a trial establishing memory, productivity or lasting clinical improvement.",
      "source_url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30225715/",
      "source_label": "Original imaging research",
      "identifiers": {
        "pmid": "30225715",
        "doi": "10.1007/s10517-018-4234-3"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "semax-stroke-2018",
      "compound": "Semax",
      "guide_url": "/guides/semax.html",
      "title": "The efficacy of semax in the tretament of patients at different stages of ischemic stroke",
      "year": 2018,
      "type": "human",
      "design": "Early/late rehabilitation groups with Semax-positive/negative subgroups; randomization/blinding not established by abstract",
      "model": "People after ischemic stroke",
      "n": 110,
      "summary": "Reported BDNF and functional-recovery associations during rehabilitation.",
      "limitations": "Not healthy-person cognitive enhancement evidence; rehabilitation timing and group design limit causal interpretation.",
      "source_url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29798983/",
      "source_label": "Original rehabilitation report",
      "identifiers": {
        "pmid": "29798983"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "semax-rat-bdnf-2006",
      "compound": "Semax",
      "guide_url": "/guides/semax.html",
      "title": "Semax, an analogue of adrenocorticotropin (4-10), binds specifically and increases levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor protein in rat basal forebrain",
      "year": 2006,
      "type": "animal",
      "design": "Binding and regional neurotrophin experiments",
      "model": "Rat brain",
      "route": "Intranasal",
      "summary": "Reported BDNF increase in basal forebrain, not cerebellum, under tested conditions.",
      "limitations": "Regional molecular endpoint in rats, not human cognitive efficacy or long-term safety.",
      "source_url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16635254/",
      "source_label": "Original animal research",
      "identifiers": {
        "pmid": "16635254",
        "doi": "10.1111/j.1471-4159.2006.03658.x"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "dsip-1981",
      "compound": "DSIP",
      "guide_url": "/guides/dsip.html",
      "title": "Acute and delayed effects of DSIP (delta sleep-inducing peptide) on human sleep behavior",
      "year": 1981,
      "type": "human",
      "design": "Double-blind crossover",
      "model": "Healthy volunteers",
      "n": 6,
      "route": "Intravenous",
      "summary": "Early laboratory study reported sleep-related differences versus placebo.",
      "limitations": "Tiny healthy sample, short experiment; not chronic-insomnia efficacy or broad safety validation.",
      "source_url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6895513/",
      "source_label": "Original sleep experiment",
      "identifiers": {
        "pmid": "6895513"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "dsip-1992",
      "compound": "DSIP",
      "guide_url": "/guides/dsip.html",
      "title": "Effects of delta sleep-inducing peptide on sleep of chronic insomniac patients. A double-blind study",
      "year": 1992,
      "type": "human",
      "design": "Double-blind matched parallel groups; five laboratory nights",
      "model": "Chronic insomnia patients",
      "n": 16,
      "route": "Intravenous",
      "summary": "Some objective effects were weak; subjective sleep quality unchanged. Authors judged major short-term therapeutic benefit unlikely.",
      "limitations": "Small short study; do not characterize all measures as null or omit the authors' negative clinical interpretation.",
      "source_url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1299794/",
      "source_label": "Original controlled sleep study",
      "identifiers": {
        "pmid": "1299794",
        "doi": "10.1159/000118919"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "epithalon-cells-2003",
      "compound": "Epithalon",
      "guide_url": "/guides/epithalon.html",
      "title": "Epithalon peptide induces telomerase activity and telomere elongation in human somatic cells",
      "year": 2003,
      "type": "cell",
      "design": "Fibroblast culture experiment",
      "model": "Human fetal fibroblasts",
      "route": "Cell-culture exposure",
      "summary": "Reported telomerase-related changes and telomere elongation.",
      "limitations": "Human cells are not clinical participants; no measured human lifespan or disease outcome.",
      "source_url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12937682/",
      "source_label": "Original cell research",
      "identifiers": {
        "pmid": "12937682",
        "doi": "10.1023/a:1025493705728"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "epitalon-cell-lines-2025",
      "compound": "Epithalon",
      "guide_url": "/guides/epithalon.html",
      "title": "Epitalon increases telomere length in human cell lines through telomerase upregulation or ALT activity",
      "year": 2025,
      "type": "cell",
      "design": "Normal and cancer cell-line molecular experiment",
      "model": "Epithelial, fibroblast and breast-cancer cell lines",
      "route": "Cell-culture exposure",
      "summary": "Reported model-dependent telomere-lengthening pathways.",
      "limitations": "Not a clinical longevity trial or an estimate of cancer risk from external administration.",
      "source_url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40908429/",
      "source_label": "Original cell research",
      "identifiers": {
        "pmid": "40908429",
        "doi": "10.1007/s10522-025-10315-x"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "epithalamin-not-epithalon-2003",
      "compound": "Epithalon",
      "guide_url": "/guides/epithalon.html",
      "title": "Peptides of pineal gland and thymus prolong human life",
      "year": 2003,
      "type": "human",
      "design": "Long-term clinical report involving different peptide preparations",
      "model": "Elderly and older people",
      "n": 266,
      "summary": "Reported health/mortality findings with Thymalin, Epithalamin or combinations—not isolated Epithalon.",
      "limitations": "Identity mismatch prohibits presenting this as proof of the defined tetrapeptide's human lifespan effect; methods require separate critical appraisal.",
      "source_url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14523363/",
      "source_label": "Primary report—different preparations",
      "identifiers": {
        "pmid": "14523363"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "mots-discovery-2015",
      "compound": "MOTS-c",
      "guide_url": "/guides/mots-c.html",
      "title": "The mitochondrial-derived peptide MOTS-c promotes metabolic homeostasis and reduces obesity and insulin resistance",
      "year": 2015,
      "type": "animal",
      "design": "Discovery, cell-mechanism and mouse intervention experiments",
      "model": "Cells and mice",
      "route": "Cell exposure; intraperitoneal mouse intervention",
      "summary": "Identified the peptide and reported metabolic effects in the studied mouse models.",
      "limitations": "Preclinical endpoints, not demonstrated human diabetes/weight-loss treatment.",
      "source_url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25738459/",
      "source_label": "Original discovery research",
      "identifiers": {
        "pmid": "25738459",
        "doi": "10.1016/j.cmet.2015.02.009"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "mots-exercise-2021",
      "compound": "MOTS-c",
      "guide_url": "/guides/mots-c.html",
      "title": "MOTS-c is an exercise-induced mitochondrial-encoded regulator of age-dependent physical decline and muscle homeostasis",
      "year": 2021,
      "type": "human",
      "design": "Human exercise biomarker component; separate mouse interventions in same paper",
      "model": "Ten young men for human measurements; mice for administration experiments",
      "n": {
        "human_exercise_component": 10
      },
      "route": "Human component measured endogenous peptide; did not administer MOTS-c",
      "summary": "Measured exercise-associated MOTS-c changes in people; administration performance findings were in mice.",
      "limitations": "Mixed-model paper. Human biomarker observations are not human injection efficacy evidence.",
      "source_url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33473109/",
      "source_label": "Original mixed-model research",
      "identifiers": {
        "pmid": "33473109",
        "doi": "10.1038/s41467-020-20790-0"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "nad-infusion-2019",
      "compound": "NAD+",
      "guide_url": "/guides/nad-plus.html",
      "title": "A Pilot Study Investigating Changes in the Human Plasma and Urine NAD+ Metabolome During a 6 Hour Intravenous Infusion of NAD",
      "year": 2019,
      "type": "human",
      "design": "Small infusion metabolite pilot",
      "model": "Human volunteers",
      "n": {
        "test": 8,
        "control": 3
      },
      "route": "Intravenous NAD+",
      "summary": "Tracked plasma and urinary metabolites during and after infusion.",
      "limitations": "Metabolic handling, not rejuvenation or disease-treatment efficacy; disappearance from plasma does not prove a particular intracellular destination.",
      "source_url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31572171/",
      "source_label": "Original human metabolism study",
      "identifiers": {
        "pmid": "31572171",
        "doi": "10.3389/fnagi.2019.00257"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "nad-nr-tolerability-2026",
      "compound": "NAD+",
      "guide_url": "/guides/nad-plus.html",
      "title": "Intravenous infusion of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) versus nicotinamide riboside (NR): a retrospective tolerability pilot study in a real-world setting",
      "year": 2026,
      "type": "human",
      "design": "Retrospective commercial-setting comparison",
      "model": "Clients receiving NAD+ or NR infusions",
      "route": "Intravenous",
      "summary": "Reported infusion symptoms and differing tolerability; not randomized efficacy evidence.",
      "limitations": "Short follow-up, selected setting, commercial author affiliations; exploratory biomarkers do not establish health benefit. Abstract and figure text differ on ALP direction, so that result is not summarized here.",
      "source_url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41704678/",
      "source_label": "Original retrospective report",
      "identifiers": {
        "pmid": "41704678",
        "doi": "10.3389/fragi.2026.1652582"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "ll37-early-2014",
      "compound": "LL-37",
      "guide_url": "/guides/ll-37.html",
      "title": "Treatment with LL-37 is safe and effective in enhancing healing of hard-to-heal venous leg ulcers: a randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial",
      "year": 2014,
      "type": "human",
      "design": "Small randomized double-blind topical trial",
      "model": "Venous leg ulcer patients",
      "n": 34,
      "route": "Topical study formulation",
      "summary": "Reported favorable healing predictors at lower tested concentrations; highest concentration did not differ from placebo.",
      "limitations": "Short small study; its title does not establish universal efficacy or systemic safety.",
      "source_url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25041740/",
      "source_label": "Original topical clinical trial",
      "identifiers": {
        "pmid": "25041740",
        "doi": "10.1111/wrr.12211"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "ll37-phase2b-2021",
      "compound": "LL-37",
      "guide_url": "/guides/ll-37.html",
      "title": "Evaluation of LL-37 in healing of hard-to-heal venous leg ulcers: A multicentric prospective randomized placebo-controlled clinical trial",
      "year": 2021,
      "type": "human",
      "design": "Phase IIb randomized double-blind placebo comparison with compression",
      "model": "Hard-to-heal venous leg ulcers",
      "n": 148,
      "route": "Topical study formulation",
      "summary": "No significant overall healing benefit; post hoc larger-wound subgroup generated a further-study hypothesis.",
      "limitations": "Subgroup result is not confirmatory whole-cohort efficacy; topical tolerability does not establish systemic safety.",
      "source_url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34687253/",
      "source_label": "Original clinical trial—overall null efficacy",
      "identifiers": {
        "pmid": "34687253",
        "doi": "10.1111/wrr.12977"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "ll37-selfdna-2007",
      "compound": "LL-37",
      "guide_url": "/guides/ll-37.html",
      "title": "Plasmacytoid dendritic cells sense self-DNA coupled with antimicrobial peptide",
      "year": 2007,
      "type": "cell",
      "design": "Mechanistic immune experiments in psoriasis context",
      "model": "Dendritic-cell/self-DNA pathways",
      "route": "Experimental cellular exposure, not treatment trial",
      "summary": "LL-37/self-DNA complexes enabled interferon-related immune activation.",
      "limitations": "Explains contextual inflammatory biology, not a numerical clinical risk estimate for administered LL-37.",
      "source_url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17873860/",
      "source_label": "Original mechanistic research",
      "identifiers": {
        "pmid": "17873860",
        "doi": "10.1038/nature06116"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "bremelanotide-reconnect-2019",
      "compound": "PT-141 / Bremelanotide",
      "title": "Bremelanotide for the Treatment of Hypoactive Sexual Desire Disorder: Two Randomized Phase 3 Trials",
      "year": 2019,
      "type": "human",
      "design": "Two 24-week randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trials",
      "model": "Premenopausal women with HSDD",
      "n": {
        "randomized": 1267,
        "safety": 1247,
        "efficacy": 1202
      },
      "route": "Subcutaneous study formulation",
      "summary": "Improved desire and desire-related distress scores compared with placebo; nausea, flushing and headache were more common with bremelanotide.",
      "limitations": "Specific population, formulation and endpoints; not evidence for general sexual enhancement, men or research-vendor preparations. Industry-funded studies.",
      "source_url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31599840/",
      "source_label": "Original RECONNECT clinical report",
      "guide_url": "/guides/pt-141.html",
      "identifiers": {
        "pmid": "31599840",
        "doi": "10.1097/AOG.0000000000003500"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "bremelanotide-extension-2019",
      "compound": "PT-141 / Bremelanotide",
      "title": "Long-Term Safety and Efficacy of Bremelanotide for Hypoactive Sexual Desire Disorder",
      "year": 2019,
      "type": "human",
      "design": "52-week open-label extension of RECONNECT",
      "model": "Eligible premenopausal women completing core trials",
      "n": {
        "enrolled": 684,
        "completed": 272
      },
      "route": "Subcutaneous study formulation",
      "summary": "Authors reported sustained symptom-score improvements and no new safety signal during observed follow-up.",
      "limitations": "No new randomized comparator, selected prior-study completers and substantial attrition. Does not establish universal long-term safety.",
      "source_url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31599847/",
      "source_label": "Original follow-up study",
      "guide_url": "/guides/pt-141.html",
      "identifiers": {
        "pmid": "31599847",
        "doi": "10.1097/AOG.0000000000003514"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "glow-composition",
      "compound": "GLOW",
      "title": "GLOW 50/10/10 ingredient listing",
      "type": "documentation",
      "design": "Supplier composition documentation",
      "model": "Marketed GHK-Cu/BPC-157/TB-500 mixture",
      "summary": "Heritage lists GHK-Cu 50 mg, BPC-157 10 mg and TB-500 10 mg.",
      "limitations": "Supplier document, not a formula-specific clinical trial or independent content assay. Component research does not establish mixture benefit or synergy.",
      "source_url": "https://heritagelabsusa.com/products/glow-50-10-10/",
      "source_label": "Supplier composition only",
      "guide_url": "/guides/glow.html"
    },
    {
      "id": "lipoc-composition",
      "compound": "LIPO-C / MIC",
      "title": "LIPO-C methionine–inositol–choline listing",
      "type": "documentation",
      "design": "Supplier composition documentation",
      "model": "Marketed 10 mL research mixture",
      "summary": "Heritage identifies methionine, inositol and choline; container volume does not specify the concentration of each ingredient.",
      "limitations": "Supplier document, not a formula-specific weight-loss study, independent assay or validation of a personal regimen.",
      "source_url": "https://heritagelabsusa.com/products/lipo-c-10ml/",
      "source_label": "Supplier composition only",
      "guide_url": "/guides/lipo-c.html"
    }
  ]
}